9 Jul 2021 ... Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery's new impact factor is 4.730, an all-time high! Each PRS article is cited more than 4.7 times on average!For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. ... Journal: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery July 2020, Volume 146, Issue 1; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. …This image demonstrates normal appearance of the ears in relation to the face. This image demonstrates normal appearance of the ears in relation to the face. Updated by: Tang Ho, M...From the Clinic for Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery/Hand Surgery, Klinikum Lüdenscheid; Clinic for Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, Klinikum Stadt Soest; and Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Surgical Clinic, Ev. Diakonie-Krankenhaus Bremen. Received for publication April 30, 2020; accepted July 21, 2021.Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery features original articles and reviews on topics such as ptosis, eyelid reconstruction, orbital diagnosis and surgery, lacrimal problems, and eyelid malposition. Update reports on diagnostic techniques, surgical equipment and instrumentation, and medical therapies are included, as well as detailed …Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (JPRS) is the official peer-reviewed and open-access journal of the Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. The Journal’s aim is to advance knowledge of plastic and reconstructive surgery-related studies, and to promote the standards in research and conduct of physicians, surgeons ...This image demonstrates normal appearance of the ears in relation to the face. This image demonstrates normal appearance of the ears in relation to the face. Updated by: Tang Ho, M...Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, replaces joints in the knee that are damaged or worn. Total knee replacement surgery is a procedure in which damaged cart...For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. ... Journal: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery July 2020, Volume 146, Issue 1; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. …DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Glabellar Lines: Results from Each of Two Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Studies (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2) Carruthers, Jean D.; Fagien, Steve; Joseph, John H.; More. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 145 (1):45-58, January 2020.1 #PlasticSurgery Journal in the World | Official Journal of @ASPS_News | EIC: @kecchung #PRSJournal #PRSJournalClub.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a peer-reviewed medical journal and the official publication of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. It covers all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including operative procedures, clinical or laboratory research, and case reports. ISSN. 0032-1052.Soft-tissue filler injection, the most common nonsurgical procedure in plastic surgery, may be followed by severe complications, such as vision loss and death. 1–3 There are limited effective treatment strategies to reverse these events; therefore, prevention is vital. 2, 3 In this study, fresh frozen cadavers were used for mimetic injections and anatomic study …Jun 27, 2022 · Added 27 June 2022 • Updated 27 June 2022. A peer-reviewed, open access journal in plastic surgery, reconstructive microsurgery, aesthetic surgery, minimally invasive surgery, tissue engineering & laser medicine. Plastic Surgical Nursing (PSN) is a quarterly journal that has been published continuously since 1980 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW). The Journal presents the most current information about plastic and aesthetic nursing practice. PSN features clinical articles covering a wide variety of surgical and nonsurgical reconstructive and aesthetic …Clifford C. Sheckter, M.D., Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 770 Welch Road, Suite 400, Palo Alto, Calif. 93404, [email protected] December 2021 - Volume 148 - Issue 6 - p 1001e-1006e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000008573. Acute burn care involves multiple types of physicians.Predatory journals threaten the scholastic integrity of peer-reviewed research and take advantage of highly motivated individuals who seek to advance the field of medicine. In prolific fields, such as plastic surgery, defensive action must be taken to combat the negative influences that predatory journals have on plastic surgeons’ research.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Edward M. Kobraei, MD, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston 02214, MA. E-mail: [email protected]. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery: January 2016 - Volume 27 - Issue 1 - p 118-123.For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn …After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Recognize facial muscle contraction direction and muscle morphology based on skin surface movements and facial rhytides. 2. Classify different muscle contraction patterns and target respectively with the recommended dosage and injection technique. 3.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open, the official open access journal of ASPS, publishes peer-reviewed updates and advances in plastic surgery from over 60 …Society Affiliations. The Official Journal of: American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Affiliated Organizations:.Received for publication October 1, 2012; accepted October 3, 2012. Originally published in Plast Reconstr Surg. 131:1437–1438, 2013. Disclosure:The author has no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this Editorial. Rod J. Rohrich, M.D., Editor-in-Chief, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75390-9132, …Burn patients require interdisciplinary care in which the plastic surgeon plays a prominent role. Appropriate referral, assessment, treatment, and posttreatment supports are essential to achieving favorable outcomes following burn injury. The authors reviewed the current literature on epidemiology, prevention, referral criteria, critical care ...Methods: The authors present their experience with 837 trans feminine patients operated on for facial gender confirmation surgery who underwent mandibular bone contouring procedures, including bone contouring, chin and mandibular body and angle ostectomies, and osteotomies to reposition the chin. The authors describe the surgical techniques and ...Special mention is required regarding the role of the reconstructive plastic surgeon in ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy. 36–38 Given the 40% risk of acute surgical wound complications, 39 and with the femoral vessels immediately beneath the skin closure, our practice is to routinely turn over a sartorius muscle flap to mitigate the risk of ...9 Jul 2021 ... Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery's new impact factor is 4.730, an all-time high! Each PRS article is cited more than 4.7 times on average!I do everything I can to avoid using plastic bags—I once bought several frozen groceries and opted to carry them home in my arms, like they were a baby. I do everything I can to a...The only way to discover the limits of possible is to go to beyond them into the impossible. —Arthur C. Clarke. Plastic surgery strives for innovation to advance our specialty; thus comes about the “Ideas and Innovations” article type in the pages of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.Innovation requires ideas and creativity, yet an idea alone fails …Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open is an open access, peer reviewed, international journal focusing on global plastic and reconstructive surgery.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open publishes on all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including basic science/experimental studies pertinent to the …For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic …Official Account for the Premier #PlasticSurgery Journal in the World! ... The 2nd episode of the March 2024 PRS Journal ... Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ...1 Sept 2017 ... Layt is proud to be featured on the cover of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Journal. Click here to read the article which outlines the ... For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® , the official journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, is a benefit of Society ... Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: January 2021 - Volume 147 - Issue 1 - p 219-230. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000007509. Buy; Associated Video; Metrics ... Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox Get New Issue Alerts. Browse Journal Content. Most Popular; For Authors; About the Journal; For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn ... For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn ... Plastic Surgical Nursing (PSN) is a quarterly journal that has been published continuously since 1980 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW). The Journal presents the most current information about plastic and aesthetic nursing practice. PSN features clinical articles covering a wide variety of surgical and nonsurgical reconstructive and aesthetic …The reconstructive elevator, as proposed by Gottlieb and Krieger (Gottlieb LJ, Krieger LM. From the reconstructive ladder to the reconstructive elevator. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994;93:1503–1504). This formulation emphasizes the importance of selecting the most appropriate level of reconstruction as opposed to defaulting to the least complex.Editorial Office. Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Editorial Office. c/o Kyorinsha Co., Ltd. 3-46-10, Nishigahara, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 114-0024, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +81 3-3910-4311. Fax: +81 3-3949-0230. *The Editorial Office of JPRS is located within Kyorinsha Co., Ltd. Kyorinsha is a corporation that provides ...The Wall Street Journal reports one type of chronic pain suffered after hernia surgery is a sharp, stabbing pain as a result of nerves getting caught in the mesh used to repair the...Jul 21, 2021 · Contains: 19 items. Editor-in-Chief, Rod J. Rohrich, MD announces the 2020 awards for the Best Papers in "Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery." Awards will be presented to all winners as part of Virtual Plastic Surgery- The Meeting 2020. Meet the award winners on the PSTM portal today! Thomas A. Mustoe, M.D. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Northwestern University School of Medicine 675 North Saint Clair, 19-250 Chicago, Ill. 60611 [email protected] Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: August 2002 - Volume 110 - Issue 2 - p 560-571For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic …From the * Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ... The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open 11(12):p e5484, December 2023. | DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005484. Open; SDC; Associated Video;For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, …Modi could have spared himself the embarrassment if he'd put aside the epics and reached for some real Sanskrit treatises instead. Over the weekend, Prime Minister Narendra Modi ca...The Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery (JPRAS) is BAPRAS' journal, dedicated to publishing original research, educational material and ...1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. PMID: 10563268. Abstract. Surgical reconstruction …Learn what an epidural is and when an epidural can be used for pain relief after surgery. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symptoms? Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symp...The reconstructive elevator, as proposed by Gottlieb and Krieger (Gottlieb LJ, Krieger LM. From the reconstructive ladder to the reconstructive elevator. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994;93:1503–1504). This formulation emphasizes the importance of selecting the most appropriate level of reconstruction as opposed to defaulting to the least complex. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery July 2022, Volume 150, Issue 1; Show More. The video demonstrates a 5-months old female with bilateral complete cleft lip and palate. She underwent previous lip adhesion as NAM was not an option due to distance. Mulliken technique was utilized for this repair. Video 2 demonstrates repair technique. For more than 70 years Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist who uses plastic surgery techniques or works in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic …The journal offers readers reports on the most current and innovative techniques for cosmetic and reconstructive procedures (including breast, hand, peripheral nerve, …2022;49(1):137-138. View: PubReader | ePub | PDF. Copyright © Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. | About the Journal | Instructions to ...Autologous fat grafting is a useful tool in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. In recent years, the indications in soft-tissue reconstruction have expanded beyond volume loss and contour deformity 1–4 to include radiation fibrosis, peripheral neuropathy, complex pain, and lymphedema. 5, 6 The underlying mechanisms of these benefits are not fully understood, but the effects of …Rei Ogawa, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan, [email protected] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) , where it is permissible to download …Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery Full-text search Full-text search; Author Search; Title Search; DOI Search; Metadata Search; Journal Aims and Scope; German National ... Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery Related Books Plastic Surgery ... The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic reshaping, as well as news on medicolegal issues. The cosmetic section provides expanded coverage on new procedures and techniques. Received for publication October 1, 2012; accepted October 3, 2012. Originally published in Plast Reconstr Surg. 131:1437–1438, 2013. Disclosure:The author has no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this Editorial. Rod J. Rohrich, M.D., Editor-in-Chief, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 1801 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75390-9132, …Operative Procedures in Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery is a new procedurally oriented text, conceived and edited by Drs. Hoschander, Salgado, Kassira, and Thaller. The text seeks to fill a void in the plastic surgical literature, which contains very few books dedicated to providing trainees a concise, enumerated approach …Plastic Surgical Nursing (PSN) is a quarterly journal that has been published continuously since 1980 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW). The Journal presents the most current information about plastic and aesthetic nursing practice. PSN features clinical articles covering a wide variety of surgical and nonsurgical reconstructive and aesthetic …The journal presents the latest surgical procedures with audit and outcome studies of new and established techniques in plastic surgery including: cleft lip and palate and other …The ISSN of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery journal is 15294242, 00321052. An International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is a unique code of 8 digits. It is used for the recognition of journals, newspapers, periodicals, and magazines in all kind of forms, be it print-media or electronic.The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic reshaping, as well as news on …Taoyuan and Hsinchu, Taiwan; and Zurich, Switzerland. From the 1 Department of General Surgery. 3 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 6 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center. 2 College of Medicine, Chang Gung University. 4 Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University …From the * Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, ... The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery-Global Open 11(12):p e5484, December 2023. | DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000005484. Open; SDC; Associated Video; Aims and Scope Statement. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open (PRS Global Open) is an open access, peer-reviewed, international journal focusing on global plastic and reconstructive surgery. PRS Global Open publishes on all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including basic science/experimental studies pertinent to the ... Plastic Surgery (Chirurgie Plastique) is the official journal of the Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons, the Canadian Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Group for the Advancement of Microsurgery, …2089-9734. 2089-6492. Narottama Tunjung, MD. March 2012 (On Going) Twice a Year (March & September) Lingkar Studi Bedah Plastik Foundation. Jakarta, Indonesia. [email protected]. Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi is a scientific international journal focusing on plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery.Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery Full-text search Full-text search; Author Search; Title Search; DOI Search; Metadata Search; Journal Aims and Scope; German National ... Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery Related Books Plastic Surgery ...Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® (), founded in 1946, is the leading journal among plastic surgeons worldwide and is the official journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery and the American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons.More than 12,000 …Address correspondence and reprint requests to Edward M. Kobraei, MD, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston 02214, MA. E-mail: [email protected]. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery: January 2016 - Volume 27 - Issue 1 - p 118-123. Targeting Alternative Splicing for Reversal of Cellular Senescence in the Context of Aesthetic Aging. Bramwell, Laura R.; Harries, Lorna W. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 147 (1S-2):25S-32S, January 2021. Abstract. A 2-cm incision is marked 1 cm inferior to the Stensen duct. The incision is made sharply and then electrocautery is used to prevent any bleeding that may obstruct visualization. Dissection then proceeds bluntly with scissors and smooth forceps. The fat pad is quickly encountered and grasped with the forceps.Soft-tissue filler injection, the most common nonsurgical procedure in plastic surgery, may be followed by severe complications, such as vision loss and death. 1–3 There are limited effective treatment strategies to reverse these events; therefore, prevention is vital. 2, 3 In this study, fresh frozen cadavers were used for mimetic injections and anatomic study … Aims and Scope Statement. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open (PRS Global Open) is an open access, peer-reviewed, international journal focusing on global plastic and reconstructive surgery. PRS Global Open publishes on all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including basic science/experimental studies pertinent to the ... Jan 1, 2024 · The Egyptian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (EJPRS) ... The Egyptian Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Editor-in-Chief: The surgery allegedly included a nose job and lip fillers. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its partners. I agree to Money's Terms...Two blepharoplasty techniques were compared. Traditional elliptical skin excision was performed at the University Medical Centre Groningen. Laterally extended skin excision was performed at the Scheper Hospital. The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the University Medical Centre Groningen (METc 2019/557) and ...The Outcomes Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery was created more than a decade ago in 2009 and has been a critical addition to the Journal, containing articles with some of the highest impact factors.It has been expanded and revamped, mirroring the growth and changes of the outcomes movement. In this article, we review the history of outcomes research and …Mar 22, 2024, 15:11 PM. Dr. Petros Konofos and and Dr. Hisham Marwan co-authored a research article titled: “Odontogenic Sarcomas of the Mandible” for the …
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Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery features original articles and reviews on topics such as ptosis, eyelid reconstruction, orbital diagnosis and surgery, lacrimal problems, and eyelid malposition. Update reports on diagnostic techniques, surgical equipment and instrumentation, and medical therapies are included, as well as detailed …Types of Plastics - Types of plastics include thermoplastic, polystyrene and polyethylene. Learn more about some of the different types of plastics. Advertisement Plastics can be d...A 2-cm incision is marked 1 cm inferior to the Stensen duct. The incision is made sharply and then electrocautery is used to prevent any bleeding that may obstruct visualization. Dissection then proceeds bluntly with scissors and smooth forceps. The fat pad is quickly encountered and grasped with the forceps.The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic reshaping, as well as news on …Scope Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open is an open access, peer reviewed, international journal focusing on global plastic and reconstructive surgery.Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery—Global Open publishes on all areas of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including basic science/experimental studies pertinent to the field and also clinical …The main aim of the journal is to develop a standard of excellence in basic and translational research that improves human health and disease in the community ...The journal brings readers up-to-the-minute reports on the latest techniques and follow-up for maxillofacial reconstruction, burn repair, cosmetic reshaping, as well as news on …For over 70 years, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® , the official journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist called upon for plastic surgery techniques or to work in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. A leader in the field, the journal is comprehensive, yet easy to read, …ients receiving botulinum toxin versus placebo injections in the head and neck muscles, for the preventive treatment of migraine. The primary outcome was change in the number of headache episodes per month from baseline to 3 months. Results: There were 17 studies including a total of 3646 patients. Overall analysis reported a tendency in favor of …As of 2016, Kathy Lee Gifford has publicly admitted to having plastic surgeries, but hasn’t specified what kind. She also admits that the surgeries have helped change and improve h...Jun 30, 2022 · DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the Treatment of Glabellar Lines: Results from Each of Two Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Studies (SAKURA 1 and SAKURA 2) Carruthers, Jean D.; Fagien, Steve; Joseph, John H.; More. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 145 (1):45-58, January 2020. For over 70 years, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery® , the official journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, has been the one consistently excellent reference for every specialist called upon for plastic surgery techniques or to work in conjunction with a plastic surgeon. A leader in the field, the journal is comprehensive, yet easy to read, …Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Volume 57, Issue 1-6 (2023) See all volumes and issues. ... Endoscopy-assisted versus open tissue expander placement in plastic and reconstructive surgery: a meta-analysis. Chen Dong, Liwei Dong, Zhou Yu & Xianjie Ma. Pages: 193-201.Conclusion: 3D printed biodegradable P4HB scaffolds maintain diameter and projection while approximating the histologic appearance and mechanical properties of native human nipples after one year with a minimal complication profile. These long term pre-clinical data suggest that P4HB scaffolds may be readily translated for clinical application.The WJPS publishes triannually the highest quality material, both clinical and scientific, on all aspects of aesthetic, plastic and reconstructive surgery and ... Reconstr. Surg. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a peer-reviewed medical journal and the official publication of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. It covers all aspects of plastic and reconstructive surgery, [1] including operative procedures, clinical or laboratory research, and case reports. [2] [3] .